{"edition":"2026 Baseline","updated":"2026-07-26","version":3,"categories":{"Tier 1":{"label":"Built for sector","class":"p1","def":"Stated purpose is to prepare, credential, support or operate education outside district-run schools."},"Tier 2":{"label":"Names sector","class":"p2","def":"Institutional text explicitly names private, classical, charter or non-traditional settings, or a dedicated school-choice course exists."},"Tier 3":{"label":"Incidental","class":"p3","def":"Reaches these educators only as a side effect, or is explicitly built around district partnership."},"Tier 0":{"label":"Nothing found","class":"p0","def":"No offering identified. Absence of evidence, not evidence of absence."}},"preparedness":[{"label":"Public district","value":87,"highlight":false},{"label":"Private","value":74,"highlight":false},{"label":"Charter","value":67,"highlight":false},{"label":"Religious","value":49,"highlight":false},{"label":"Microschools","value":34,"highlight":true}],"institutions":[{"name":"University of Florida","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Course-level pass completed: the School of Teaching and Learning undergraduate course list was enumerated in full. Zero courses on school choice, vouchers, ESAs, homeschooling or microschools. UF also operates P.K. Yonge, a PreK-12 lab school that is a department of the College of Education.","source":"https://catalog.ufl.edu/UGRD/courses/school_of_teaching_and_learning/"},{"name":"Florida State University","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"No choice centre or credential found. FSU operates Florida State University Schools, a lab school - vehicle present, unused for this purpose.","source":"https://registrar.fsu.edu/bulletin/undergraduate-departments/teacher-education"},{"name":"University of South Florida","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Homeschool-facing activity is admissions and dual enrolment only. The InED network of 125+ microschools serving 8,000+ students operates in the same metro area.","source":"https://admissions.usf.edu/blog/homeschool-guide-to-admissions"},{"name":"University of Central Florida","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 3","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Center for Community Schools scales a model that structurally requires a school district as a core partner.","source":"https://ccie.ucf.edu/communityschools/about/"},{"name":"Florida International University","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"No education-unit choice program found. The micro-credential office sits in Student Affairs.","source":"https://dasa.fiu.edu/all-departments/office-of-micro-credentials/"},{"name":"Florida Atlantic University","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 3","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"School Leaders Program is a formal university-district partnership whose stated aim is the best public education.","source":"https://www.fau.edu/education/academicdepartments/el/school-leaders/masters-school-leaders/elite/overview/"},{"name":"University of North Florida","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Graduate portfolio is conventional: ESE, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction doctorate, STEM and Digital Humanities certificates.","source":"https://www.unf.edu/uniquelyunf/graduateschool/coehs/index.html"},{"name":"Florida Gulf Coast University","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 2","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"The M.A. Educational Leadership P-12 <b>non-certification</b> track names teachers working in private schools, charter schools, academies or non-traditional education settings.","source":"https://onlinedegree.fgcu.edu/programs/maed-education-leadership-p-12-education/"},{"name":"University of West Florida","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Traditional CAEP roster accredited through 2030.","source":"https://uwf.edu/soe/programs/"},{"name":"Florida A&M University","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Four departments, CAEP-accredited, entirely conventional.","source":"https://famu.catalog.acalog.com/preview_entity.php?catoid=8"},{"name":"New College of Florida","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"No teacher preparation found despite the classical-education pivot. Standing alert if classical teacher prep launches.","source":"https://classicaldifference.com/classical-education-meets-new-college-of-florida/"},{"name":"Flagler College","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 2","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Institute for Classical Education (2023-): seminars, contracted PD, summer workshop with a Classical School Leadership track. Audience overwhelmingly choice-funded. Crucially <b>non-credit</b>.","source":"https://www.flagler.edu/academics/graduate-and-education-programs/institute-classical-education"},{"name":"Trinity College of Florida","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 2","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"B.A. Elementary Education explicitly places interns in Christian schools, public schools, charter schools or overseas mission schools.","source":"https://www.trinitycollege.edu/academics/bachelor-of-arts-elementary-education-major/"},{"name":"Nova Southeastern University","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Full roster enumerated - nothing choice-facing. Legacy catalogs reference a Charter School Education Leadership master's absent from the current roster. Possible retrenchment; <b>unproven, do not cite</b> until archives are checked.","source":"https://education.nova.edu/degrees/masters/index.html"},{"name":"Palm Beach Atlantic University","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 3","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Feeds Christian schools by affiliation; no program names the sector.","source":"https://www.pba.edu/academics/schools/education-behavioral/"},{"name":"Southeastern University","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 3","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"FLDOE-approved early childhood degree. Affiliation, not program design.","source":"https://seu.edu/about/"},{"name":"Stetson University","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Conventional teacher preparation; nothing surfaced across two searches.","source":"https://www.stetson.edu/artsci/education/home/"},{"name":"University of Miami","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"The homeschool navigator hit proved to be an advising role governing credit overloads. False positive cleared.","source":"https://bulletin.miami.edu/undergraduate-academic-programs/education-human-development/"},{"name":"Tallahassee State College","state":"Florida","tier":"Tier 1","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"First Florida College System institution approved as a charter authorizer (Jan 2023), then founded Tallahassee Collegiate Academy (Aug 2023) - from outside any college of education.","source":"https://www.wctv.tv/2023/01/31/tcc-is-first-college-florida-approved-by-fdoe-charter-school-authorizer/"},{"name":"Central Michigan University","state":"Michigan","tier":"Tier 1","checked":"2026-07-26","evidence":"<b>THE MICHIGAN FINDING.</b> College of Education and Human Services offers an online M.A. in Educational Leadership with a <b>Charter School Leadership emphasis</b> - program text names public, private, charter, and virtual schools, educational service providers, authorizers. The first preparation program built for the choice sector found anywhere in this scan. Context: CMU became the nation's first university charter authorizer (1994) and remains its largest - the Governor John Engler Center partners with roughly 70 schools serving about 30,000 students. The authorizing center sits outside the education college; the degree sits inside it.","source":"https://www.cmich.edu/academics/colleges/college-education-human-services/departments/counseling-educational-leadership-higher-education/educational-leadership-pk-12"},{"name":"Grand Valley State University","state":"Michigan","tier":"Tier 1","checked":"2026-07-26","evidence":"Charter Schools Office authorizes <b>78 schools serving 34,000+ students</b>. Beyond authorizing: Charter Through College programs - campus visits, dedicated advising, and a Charter School Alumni Scholarship - build a student pipeline from its charter schools into the university.","source":"https://www.gvsu.edu/cso/"},{"name":"Michigan (system context)","state":"Michigan","tier":"Tier 1","checked":"2026-07-26","evidence":"Eight Michigan public universities and three community colleges authorize charters statewide; university authorizers may charter anywhere in the state. Michigan is the deepest university-charter ecosystem in the country. Six university authorizers remain unexamined.","source":"https://www.michigan.gov/mde/services/flexible-learning/options/psa/psa-faqs/partners/authorizers"},{"name":"Indiana University East","state":"Indiana","tier":"Tier 1","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"IU East High School - a microschool on campus, presented under the School of Education as an on-campus lab school. Part of the Indiana Microschool Collaborative. The education unit is running a microschool.","source":"https://east.iu.edu/education/microschool/index.html"},{"name":"Arizona State University","state":"Arizona","tier":"Tier 1","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"ASU Prep runs microschools and a Microschool Entrepreneur Fellowship - housed in the charter arm, not the education college.","source":"https://www.asuprepglobal.org/microschool-fellowship/"},{"name":"University of Arkansas","state":"Arkansas","tier":"Tier 2","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Department of Education Reform: Ph.D. with a dedicated parental school choice course. A research degree, facing no licensure constraint.","source":"https://edre.uark.edu/phd-education-policy/course-descriptions.php"},{"name":"Ohio public universities","state":"Ohio","tier":"Tier 3","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Ohio law permits university sponsorship; Bowling Green State sponsored Toledo School for the Arts. No education-unit program surfaced. Authority present, penetration high, little built.","source":"https://education.ohio.gov/Topics/Ohio-Education-Options/Ohio-School-Sponsorship-Program"},{"name":"University of Dayton","state":"Ohio","tier":"Tier 2","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Ed Leadership M.S.E. prepares graduates for public, private, and parochial sectors.","source":"https://udayton.edu/academics/programs/ed-leadership-mse/index.php"},{"name":"Ashland University","state":"Ohio","tier":"Tier 2","checked":"2026-07-26","evidence":"Operates a <b>Homeschool and Classical Learning Center</b> designed to help homeschooled and classical learning students transition into higher education. Admissions-side engagement with the homeschool sector - the first Ohio institution found naming it.","source":"https://www.ashland.edu/homeschool-classical-learning-center"},{"name":"WVU / Marshall University","state":"West Virginia","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"Despite a now-universal ESA (about $5,436 per student), nothing surfaced at either flagship. Low search depth - provisional, should not be used as evidence yet.","source":"https://hopescholarshipwv.gov/"},{"name":"California institutions","state":"California","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"<b>Control.</b> No ESA or voucher exists; no university program surfaced.","source":"https://numaschool.com/states/california/homeschool-funding"},{"name":"New York institutions","state":"New York","tier":"Tier 0","checked":"2026-07-24","evidence":"<b>Control.</b> No funding mechanism. Teacher U left Hunter College in 2011 and became Relay - the choice sector's pipeline exited the university and formed its own accreditor.","source":"https://www.hunter.cuny.edu/news/hunter-education-school-debuts-suite-of-micro-credentials/"}],"hypotheses":[{"id":"H1","name":"No relationship between policy and response","status":"Rejected","detail":"High-policy states both with and without engagement; zero-policy controls with none. Not random, not simple."},{"id":"H2","name":"Universities respond when they can hold or authorize a school","status":"Strengthened by Michigan","detail":"Michigan is the deepest authorizer state and now shows the first preparation program (CMU), plus GVSU's institutional pipeline. The Florida lab-school counter-evidence stands, but Michigan adds a time dimension: CMU held schools for 30 years before the program appeared. Scale-of-holding, not mere authority, may be the variable."},{"id":"H3","name":"Accreditation and licensure define what can be built","status":"Sharpened by Michigan","detail":"Engagement happens exactly where the sector is licensed. CMU's program serves charter schools - licensed teachers, licensed leaders. Nothing anywhere serves the unlicensed slice (microschools, homeschool, ESA vendors). H3 now says programs can only exist up to the licensure boundary. Every observation fits."},{"id":"H4","name":"No procurement channel to individual buyers","status":"Untested","detail":"CMU's program is fully online and sold to individuals - mild counter-evidence that the channel is impossible. Nova Southeastern counter-evidence stands."}],"gaps":[{"id":"G1","title":"The snapshot never became a series","who":"EdChoice","body":"<i>Surfing the Pipeline</i> (2023) is the only systematic catalog scan of education schools for choice-sector offerings - published the very year Florida went universal, making it a near-perfect baseline. Baselines only matter if someone takes the second reading. Nobody has.","evidence":"Cheapest high-value study available in this space."},{"id":"G2","title":"An enterprising dean assumes the barrier is imagination","who":"EdChoice","body":"The 2023 recommendation locates the obstacle in vision and initiative. It never tests the alternatives: accreditation and licensure limits, or the absence of a sales channel to individual buyers. Michigan now suggests a third: time-with-the-instrument.","evidence":"Three years of universal ESA money in Florida produced zero programs."},{"id":"G3","title":"Catalog scans cannot see what universities actually did","who":"EdChoice / Hanover","body":"The method searched catalogs for programs and classes. Most confirmed university entries - running a microschool, authorizing charters, founding a school - never appear in a course catalog. The dominant institutional response is invisible to the dominant research method.","evidence":"ASU Prep, IU East High School, Tallahassee Collegiate Academy and GVSU's 78 schools all return null in a catalog search."},{"id":"G4","title":"Policy adoption is tracked; workforce capacity is not","who":"ExcelinEd","body":"School Choice Matters analyses all 50 states across roughly 40 policy areas. It contains nothing on whether the educator workforce exists to staff what the policy enables.","evidence":"A state can score well on every policy dimension while having no trained supply."},{"id":"G5","title":"The quality tracker covers the wrong denominator","who":"NCTQ","body":"The Teacher Prep Review evaluates 1,244 elementary programs across 1,053 institutions - but only 59 non-traditional programs. The fastest-growing school sector sits outside the field's main quality instrument.","evidence":"Standards are benchmarked to what new teachers need in conventional classrooms."},{"id":"G6","title":"The sector's own association is investing in the other direction","who":"AACTE","body":"Education bachelor's degrees fell from roughly 109,600 to 90,700 over two decades. The field's flagship 2026 response was a request for $2.5 billion to rebuild the traditional pipeline.","evidence":"No comparable investment addressing non-district settings surfaced."},{"id":"G7","title":"Nobody has looked at the mature systems","who":"Everyone","body":"The Netherlands has funded school choice constitutionally since 1917, with roughly three-quarters of primary pupils in privately-run publicly-funded schools. Sweden since 1992, Chile since 1981. England deliberately moved teacher training out of universities. These are the equilibrium cases.","evidence":"US-only framing makes a century-old question look new."},{"id":"G8","title":"University leadership frames this as demography, not competition","who":"Higher ed","body":"Declining education enrolment is absorbed into the enrolment-cliff story - US high school graduates peaked in 2025 and are projected to fall 13% through 2041. It converts a structural shift into a demographic story that implies waiting it out.","evidence":"Sixteen non-profit colleges closed in 2025 and eight more in Q1 2026."},{"id":"G9","title":"No one owns the seam","who":"Field-wide","body":"EdChoice measures families, programs and fiscal effects. ExcelinEd measures policy adoption. NCTQ measures preparation quality. NACSA measures authorizers. AACTE represents the preparation pipeline. Whether the workforce exists to staff what the policy enables falls between all of them.","evidence":"Every other gap on this list is a symptom of this one."}]}