When Money Follows the Child

Most universities are innovating. Few are responding.

102 universities on three lists: Florida, the 71 AAU research universities, and all 74 U.S. News Most Innovative. For each one: its strongest education work, and any response to portable K–12 funding.

The questionWhen K–12 funding follows the student, how do colleges and universities respond? And who is leading?
102

universities on three lists

32

show a verified response to portable funding

6

compete for portable funds, mostly through university-run schools

0

prepare educators for microschools, hybrid schools or homeschool support

01

Three lists, one answer

Each bar is one list, split by how its universities respond. The pattern holds on every list. Hover a segment for names.

On every list, about two in three show no response we could find.

Being ranked for innovation does not predict a response: 30% of the Most Innovative respond, against 34% of the AAU. Four of the 74 compete for portable funds: Arizona State, Stanford, Indiana University and Auburn. Three prepare educators for Catholic schools: Boston College, Marquette and Santa Clara.

Florida first: 21 Florida institutions are coded in full in the Readiness Index.

Open the Readiness Index
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02

Innovation is not response

Each dot is one scored university, placed by its innovation score and sorted by how it responds. Hover or tap a dot.

Innovation score: mean of each university's two strongest education initiatives, each scored 2 × novelty + scale + evidence (max 20). The 31 Most Innovative universities outside the AAU are coded for response but not yet scored.

Of the 11 highest-scoring innovators, one competes for portable funds: Arizona State.

03

Four ways to respond

The responding universities, read through four lenses. A filled dot is a verified signal. Tap a row for the evidence.

Tap a university to see its evidence.
Lens 1 · Teacher prep beyond public schools

It exists, for older sectors

Catholic, independent and Jewish schools have university pipelines. Microschools, hybrid schools, homeschool co-ops and ESA providers do not.

Lens 2 · Services to non-public students

The most direct response

Universities run K–12 schools and online schools that families pay for, sometimes with scholarship money. Most sit outside the education school.

Lens 3 · Market and vendor behavior

Big vendors, to states

Universities sell assessments and curricula to states and districts, not to families spending portable funds.

  • UF Lastinger vetted tutoring vendors for Florida
  • Kansas, Wisconsin and Oregon sell assessments to states
Lens 4 · Campus debate

Faculty-led, at the poles

Debate lives in a few research centers. No education school was found taking an institutional position on ESAs.

The response lives outside the education school.

University-run schools, online academies, gifted centers and statewide institutes are closer to portable funds than any college of education.

04

Every university

Search by name or state, filter by response, tap a row for initiatives and sources.

UniversityListsStrongest initiativeScoreResponse
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The limit, first. A first-pass scan of public university pages and news, 2025–2026. "None observed" means not found in this scan, not proven absent. Scores rank innovation in education, not quality, and favor work that publishes. The Most Innovative list is the full 2027 list of 74. How the scan was scored